Seventy-one new Xylaria names that C. G. Lloyd proposed are annotated herein. Type and/or authentic materials of these names, when available, were studied. Twenty-four of these—including X. beccarii, X. brasiliensis, X. chordaeformis, X. cuneata, X. divisa, X. fimbriata, X. humosa, X. kedahae, X. luteostromata, X. luxurians, X. maumeei, X. morganii, X. muscula, X. nigrescens, X. nodulosa, X. papulis, X. partita, X. petchii, X. praefecta, X. radicans, X. reinkingii, X. reticulata, X. stromatica, and X. theissenii—are considered correct names for distinct species, and four of these—including X. bipindensis, X. clavus, X. cuspidata, and X. muscandae—are for probably distinct species. Illustrations for these species are provided. Thirty names are treated as synonyms or probable synonyms of those published earlier. Thirteen names remain uncertain to us because their type materials are immature or lacking fungal elements except for X. stromafera, of which we were unable to study the type material. A cross-index and an identification key to the Xylaria names that Lloyd proposed are also provided.

The lichen Xanthoria parietina has a widespread distribution in Asia, Africa, Australia, and Northern Europe.  Records of this species in the United States have been limited to coastal areas, hence its common name, “the maritime sunburst lichen” (Brodo et. al., 2007).  Xanthoria parietina has thus far only been reported once in an inland area in the Pacific Northwest: in Montana (McCune et al., 2014).  Here, we report X. parietina in additional inland cities in Idaho (Moscow, Coeur d’Alene, and Boise) and Washington (Pullman and Spokane).  Our hypothesis that X. parietina was introduced to these inland cities on woody plants shipped from coastal nurseries was supported by the following findings: 1) it was found on stock available for sale in an Oregon coastal nursery; 2) in Moscow it was most common in the UI Arboretum in which coastal nursery stock is commonly planted; and 3) it was not found on naturally occurring woody plants in natural areas outside of Moscow.  It is important to know where X. parietina occurs because it might eventually decrease native lichen diversity through displacement of local species (Gadson et. al., 2010). 

Cliostomum spribillei Goward & Tønsberg is described as new to science from Canada (British Columbia) and the U.S.A. (Idaho, Oregon and Washington) where it is corticolous on conifers in oldgrowth coniferous forests at high altitudes. It is easily distinguished from other Cliostomum species by its yellow, granular-sorediate thallus and production of usnic acid alone.

After adjusting for synonyms and misdeterminations, 279 species in 89 genera are documented herein for the Mojave Desert.  This catalog is based on species lists reported in nine peer reviewed publications and includes a general overview of the Mojave Desert in terms of climate, environmental sensitivity, vegetation, and geology.  It also includes brief information about each of the eight general collection areas (two papers cover the same study area), as well as a summary discussion of the Mojave Desert lichen flora.

Gyalideopsis pusilla Lücking & Tønsberg is described as new to science from U.S.A., Tennessee, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, where it was foliicolous on Rhododendron maximum. It is distinguished from other Gyalideopsis species by the combination of very small, usually 3-septate ascospores, short, setiform hyphophores with filiform, non-septate diahyphae, and foliicolous habit.